Outsourcing Law & Business Journal™: May 2010
May 18, 2010 by Bierce & Kenerson, P.C.
OUTSOURCING LAW & BUSINESS JOURNAL (™) : Strategies and rules for adding value and improving legal and regulation compliance through business process management techniques in strategic alliances, joint ventures, shared services and cost-effective, durable and flexible sourcing of services. www.outsourcing-law.com. Visit our blog at http://blog.outsourcing-law.com for commentary on current events.
Insights by Bierce & Kenerson, P.C., Editors. www.biercekenerson.com
Editor’s Note:
In the aftermath of the recession, government regulators are looking at new ways to protect the financial information of consumers and businesses alike. This issue examines the potential impact of what a new Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act could mean for service providers, enterprise customers, and related outsourcers.
Vol. 10, No. 5 (May 2010)
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1. Financial Services Outsourcing: New Roles and Risks under a Consumer Financial Protection Agency. The financial services industry is facing major regulatory changes following the global sub-prime credit crisis and ensuing recovery plans. These changes will have a major impact on outsourcers that deal with consumer financial information or in back-office support for financial investment transactions that are deemed unfair, deceptive or abusive. The adoption of a new Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act would not only have a significant negative impact on the risks and costs of outsourcing of IT and business process functions by companies that deal with consumers. It would invite a new view of risk allocation between enterprise customers and independent contractors as outsourcers, increasing the costs of doing business by putting the service provider into a new role of whistleblower. It remains to be seen whether the analysis of public policy in this arena will spill over into other industries and other types of outsourcing. For the complete article, http://www.outsourcing-law.com/2010/05/financial-services-outsourcing-new-roles-and-risks-under-a-consumer-financial-protection-agency/
2. Online Form Builder for Consumer Privacy Notices. The privacy of consumer financial transactions was a cornerstone of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB). Eight U.S. federal regulators are responsible for enforcing the GLB privacy rule….On April 15, 2010, the eight federal regulators released an Online Form Builder that regulated financial institutions can download and use to develop and print customized versions of a model consumer privacy notice. For more see this link: http://www.outsourcing-law.com/2010/05/online-form-builder-for-consumer-privacy-notices/
3. Humor.
Consultant, n. (1) one who participates materially in the conduct of the client’s business without being a manager; (2) one who freely advises on the why and how without being responsible for the who, the what or the when; (3) aider and abettor.
Innovation, n. (1) a novel idea that benefits the client, employer or the consumer but rarely benefits the innovator; (2) joint venture in crime against the unprotected consumer.
Recklessness, n. (1) actions taken without regard to the impact on others; (2) transgression across the fine line between following instructions and challenging the validity of the instructions; (3) in the supply chain, any Faustian partnership between enterprise customer and its service providers.
4. Conferences.
June 6-8, 4th Annual IQPC Shared Services Exchange™, Austin, Texas, United States, an elite event for shared services executives who are looking to develop new strategy, solve challenges and source partners that will allow them to create efficiency and drive more value out of their shared services centers.
This event will continue IQPC Exchange’s ongoing tradition of offering cutting-edge, strategic networking and learning opportunities for senior level shared services executives, combining conference sessions, one-on-one business meetings and numerous networking functions to allow executives to speak with their peers. With pre-scheduled one-on-one advisory meetings and personalized itineraries, the Shared Services Exchange™ provides the opportunity to create an agenda that directly reflect the goals and initiatives of participating executives.
To request a complimentary delegate invitation or for information on solution provider packages, please contact: exchange@iqpc.com, call 1-866-296-4580 or visit their website at http://www.sharedservicesexchange.com/
June 15, 2010. FSO Knowledge Xchange is hosting the 4th Annual Financial Services Industry Transformation and Outsourcing Strategies Forum in New York, NY, a premier event focused on the ongoing evolution and transformation in the financial services industry. This forum will bring together senior decision makers, leaders and practitioners from the financial services industry, service providers, law firms, regulators, and outsourcing enablers in an interactive environment. This forum will focus on the emerging trends, analysis, executive perspectives, and enterprise case studies in the domain of financial services outsourcing. The forum will have sessions that will be conducted by established thought leaders in the industry. Register today by calling 732-462-3763 or visit http://www.fsokx.com/fsokx/FSITOForum2010/Introduction.aspx
July 14-16, 2010. IQPC Presents Shared Services for Finance and Accounting, Chicago, Illinois. The SSFA 2010 Summit brings together leading financial shared services experts to network, benchmark and learn through keynote presentations, interactive roundtables, case studies and discussion panels. This program will help you improve internal accounting processes, maximize your efficiency with less resources, make smarter sourcing decisions, and drive continuous value through your financial services. For more information, visit http://www.sharedservicesfa.com/Event.aspx?id=314126
September 26-28, 2010. IQPC Shared Services Exchange™ Event, 2nd Annual, to be held in The Hague, Netherlands. Shared Service Centres have long been seen as the cost saving centre of HR, Finance & Accounting and IT processes, but with changing employment trends and global challenges facing organisations, how can SSC’s continually offer service value?
Unlike typical conferences, the Shared Services Exchange™ , which will be co-located with the Corporate Finance Exchange™, focuses on networking, strategic conference sessions and one-on-one meetings with solution providers. The Exchange invites strategic decision makers to take a step back from their current operations, see what strategies and solutions others are adopting, develop new partnerships and make investment choices that deliver innovative solutions and benefits to their businesses.
To request your complimentary delegate invitation or for information on solution provider packages, please contact: exchangeinfo@iqpc.com, call +44 (0) 207 368 9709, or visit their website at http://www.sharedservicesexchange.co.uk/Event.aspx?id=263014
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FEEDBACK: This newsletter addresses legal issues in sourcing of IT, HR, finance and accounting, procurement, logistics, manufacturing, customer relationship management including outsourcing, shared services, BOT and strategic acquisitions for sourcing. Send us your suggestions for article topics, or report a broken link at: wbierce@biercekenerson.com The information provided herein does not necessarily constitute the opinion of Bierce & Kenerson, P.C. or any author or its clients. This newsletter is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship. Reproductions must include our copyright notice. For reprint permission, please contact: wbierce@biercekenerson.com . Edited by Bierce & Kenerson, P.C. Copyright (c) 2010, Outsourcing Law Global LLC. All rights reserved. Editor in Chief: William Bierce of Bierce & Kenerson, P.C. located at 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 2920, New York, NY 10170, 212-840-0080.
Financial Services Outsourcing: New Roles and Risks under a Consumer Financial Protection Agency
May 18, 2010 by Bierce & Kenerson, P.C.
The financial services industry is facing major regulatory changes following the global sub-prime credit crisis and ensuing recovery plans. These changes will have a major impact on outsourcers that deal with consumer financial information or in back-office support for financial investment transactions that are deemed unfair, deceptive or abusive. The adoption of a new Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act would have a significant negative impact on the risks and costs of outsourcing of IT and business process functions by companies that deal with consumers. It would invite a new view of risk allocation between enterprise customers and independent contractors as outsourcers, increasing the costs of doing business by putting the service provider into a new role of whistleblower. It remains to be seen whether the analysis of public policy in this arena will spill over into other industries and other types of outsourcing.
Draft Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act
As of mid-May 2010, the U.S. Congress was considering possible enactment of financial regulatory reform. Among the proposals is the draft “Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act,” as inserted into another draft law, H.R. 4173, “Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009,” referred to Senate committee after being enacted by the House. This consumer protection bill was originally H.R. 3126, 111th Cong., 1s Sess.; H. Rept. No. 111-367 (Dec. 9, 2009) (“Draft CFPAA”). As the dissenting Republicans observed in that December 2009 House report:
- Rather than address the failure of banking regulations related to consumer protection and the failure of the States to police activities under their purview (e.g., mortgage brokers and real estate agents), the proposed legislation to create the CFPA seeks to consolidate the consumer protection jurisdiction of all banking regulators into one new agency and regulate many new activities and persons that largely are unrelated to the financial markets or the crisis of 2008. (Dissenting views).
General Scope. If enacted, this proposed reform would transfer enforcement of consumer financial protection laws from various existing agencies (including the SEC). The new commission would regulate:
- (1) brokers and dealers registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
(2) investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;
(3) investment companies (mutual funds) under the Investment Company Act of 1940;
(4) national securities exchanges under the ‘34 Act;
(5) a transfer agent under the ’34 Act;
(6) clearing corporations under the ’34 Act;
(7) municipal securities dealers and self-regulatory organizations registered with the SEC;
(8) national securities exchanges and the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board.
Regulation of “Financial Activity.” Under H.R. 4173, Sec. 4002 (19) (A), the term `financial activity’ means any of many activities. (The list is long, so we have put it in a separate document.) 1
Liability of “Covered Persons” and “Related Persons.” Under the proposed law, a “covered person” subject to regulation would include “any person who engages directly or indirectly in a financial activity, in connection with the provision of a consumer financial product or service.” This definition is so broad, and governmental involvement in financial operations so extensive, the draft specifically excludes the Secretary, the Department of the Treasury, any agency or bureau under the jurisdiction of the Secretary (H.R. 4173, Sec. 4002 (9)(A)(B)), or any federal tax collector.
Vicarious Liability on Certain “Consultants” and “Independent Contractors.” The proposed law would treat “related persons” in the same manner, and impose the same punishments, as for “covered persons.” By adopting a sweeping definition of “covered person” and an equally sweeping definition of “related person,” the proposed law puts outsourcers at risk of direct liability and for merely doing the tasks assigned under a Master Services Agreement in the ordinary course of business. There would be a distinction between consultants and service providers. A “related person” would include either:
- a “consultant” that, in the view of the new Consumer Financial Protection Commission determines (whether by regulation or on a case-by-case basis), “materially participates in the conduct of the affairs of such covered person” (H.R. 4173, Sec. 4002 (33)(A)(ii)); or
- “any independent contractor (including any attorney, appraiser, or accountant), with respect to such covered person, who knowingly or recklessly participates in any–(I) violation of any law or regulation; or (II) breach of fiduciary duty.” ( H.R. 4173, Sec. 4002 (33)(A)(iii)).
Liability of Outsourcers for “Unfair, Deceptive or Abusive Acts or Practices.” The proposed Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act would not require “related persons” to register with the commission. However, they would be liable for “unfair, deceptive or abusive act or practice in connection with any transaction with a consumer for a consumer financial product or service, or the offering of a consumer financial product or service.” (H.R. 4173, Sec. 4301(a)). The proposed law would impose federal criminal liability on anyone (including outsourcers as “related persons”) if they are shown to “knowingly or recklessly provide substantial assistance to another person in violation” of the new statute and regulations on “unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices.” “Related persons” would be “deemed to be in violation of that section to the same extent as the person to whom such assistance is provided.” (H.R. 4173, Sec. 4308(3)).
Outsourced Business Functions that Would be Exempt. The draft law would exclude certain functions that are typically outsourced from the scope of “financial activity “ that would be regulated.
- “Financial data processing” would be excluded from the definition of “financial activity.” H.R. 4371, Sec. 4002(19)(A)(xi). However, even assuming that the mechanical conditions of processing were satisfied under this exclusion, there remains a subjective standard that could ensnare the outsourcer in an ITO or BPO context: Does the outsourcer provide “a material service to any covered person in connection with the provision of a consumer financial product or service.” (H.R. 4173, Sec. 4002 (19)(A)(xi)(II)(cc))
- Providing certain “information products or services” that are “incidental and complementary” to any activity that the new commission defines as a “financial activity” would be excluded. (H.R. 4173, Sec. 4002 (19)(A)(xvi)(I)(bb)) Specifically, there would be no regulation of such ITO or BPO services that are for identity authentication, fraud or identify theft detection, prevention, or investigation; document retrieval or delivery services; public records information retrieval; or for anti-money laundering activities. That exposes BPO providers of other business functions, such as mortgage and credit card origination, credit verification, and virtually everything else that is not clearly excluded by the draft law.
Neither of these exclusions addresses the growing use by the financial services industry of third party ITO, BPO and LPO services for labor-intensive or labor-value services. This draft law could bring vicarious liability for providers of such services as due diligence for investment banking and finance usually has some consumer financial impact, either in the design of analytics, the design and structuring of financial products or services, document review in an acquisition, divestiture or financing (where “consumers” might be investors in one of the deal participants).
Outsourcers as Auditors and Whistleblowers: The “Knowing or Reckless” Standard of Care for Outsourcers. The draft law would cover independent contractors providing services in support of “financial activity,” but only if their conduct were “knowing” or “reckless.” This standard could establish vicarious liability when the outsourcer “knew” that its actions would be unfair, deceptive or abusive, or because the outsourcer failed to become informed on the legality of its support for its financial institution customer’s unfair, deceptive or abusive practices. In effect, the consultants and outsourcers (other than data transmitters) are enlisted as surrogate auditors and whistleblowers with a duty to cease rendering their services if they “knowingly” or “reckless” participate in their customer’s unfair, deceptive or abusive practices.
Additional Costs of Outsourcing. This role would be a new one. It would entail additional costs of legal reviews and audits by the service provider’s own independent regulatory experts (more lawyers and accountants) and additional premiums for new “directors and officers” liability insurance (if indeed such insurance would cover such vicarious liability). It would add hidden costs on the outsourcer that would have be added to the service charges in order to segregate service costs from legal compliance costs.
Additional Risks of Termination. Under these circumstances, regulated financial institutions and financial service enterprises would face the risk that a whisteblowing outsourcer could unilaterally terminate an ITO or BPO services agreement. Lawyers would argue about the conditions and consequences of when an outsourcer could do so. Relationship governance would involve a new discussion about illegality.
- Service providers would want the right to terminate if, in their good faith opinion, the enterprise customer was engaged in any violation of this draft law or its regulations.
- Financial services enterprises would want a slower trigger. One can imagine a series of steps that delay termination, with notices, opportunity to cure, maybe an independent legal opinion as a letter of comfort (thus escaping “recklessness” as a risk but not necessarily escaping “knowingly” risk).
Due Diligence Process. If this draft law is enacted, it would force service providers to clients engaged in any “financial activity” to conduct due diligence into the legality of the proposed customer’s business practices for the protection of consumers’ financial rights. Such an investigation would normally include questions about existing and future practices as well as information on the actions or recommendations of incumbent service providers who might have sought termination to avoid vicarious liability.
Adverse Impact on Business Process Transformation, Process Change and Operational Innovation. The draft law would impose direct liability on “consultants” who “materially participate” in a financial business. The concepts of “materiality” and “participation” are so broad that any outsourcer who administers any of the “affairs” of its enterprise customer will be treated as such a “consultant” if the outsourcer proposes changes in the “covered person’s” business. This would stifle any proposals by outsourcers for business process transformation, even simple process changes, since the outsourcer might no longer be treated under the “independent contractor” standard of knowing or reckless violation or breach of fiduciary duty.
Spill Over to Other Industries and Outsourcing Services. For perhaps the first time, the draft CFPAA raises the specter of service providers worrying about the risk of vicarious liability because they support a criminal enterprise. “Aider and abettor” liability exists already in relation to the sale or distribution of “securities.” The question now is whether service providers should change their current practices and contract risk allocation in light of such a specter. Informed executives will get more information as this political process unfolds.